📋 KMS & Encryption Cheat Sheet

Quick-reference for KMS key types, key policies, grants, envelope encryption, rotation, and cross-account key management.

Why This Cheat Sheet Matters for SCS-C02

This cheat sheet covers the most important KMS & Encryption concepts tested on the SCS-C02 (AWS Security Specialty) certification exam. It contains 4 sections with 16 key points that you should memorize before exam day. Master CMKs, key policies, grants, envelope encryption, key rotation, multi-region keys, cross-account key sharing, and encryption context for data protection. Use this as a quick-reference guide during your final review sessions.

4Sections
16Key Points

Key Types

  • Symmetric (AES-256): default, most services use this
  • Asymmetric (RSA/ECC): sign/verify or encrypt outside AWS
  • HMAC: generate and verify message authentication codes
  • Multi-Region: replicated keys with same key material for cross-region

Key Policy + Grants

  • Key policy is required (resource-based) — IAM policies alone are insufficient
  • Default key policy: allows root account full access (enables IAM policies)
  • Grants: temporary, scoped permissions without changing key policy
  • Grant tokens: use immediately after creating grant (eventual consistency)

Envelope Encryption

  • GenerateDataKey → plaintext + encrypted data key
  • Encrypt data with plaintext key, discard plaintext key
  • Store encrypted data key alongside encrypted data
  • Decrypt: KMS decrypts data key → use to decrypt data

Key Rotation & Management

  • Automatic rotation: every year for symmetric CMKs (opt-in)
  • On-demand rotation: create new key, re-encrypt data (manual)
  • Imported keys: no automatic rotation (manual only)
  • Deletion: 7–30 day waiting period, cannot be undone

Practice KMS Questions

Put your knowledge to the test with practice questions.

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