Practice Git & GitHub Questions Now

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GH-FOUND Git & GitHub Question Bank (89 Questions)

Browse all 89 practice questions covering Introduction to Git and GitHub for the GH-FOUND certification exam. Each question includes the full answer and a detailed explanation to help you understand the concepts.

Question 1Understand Git and GitHub Basics
What is the default branch name when you create a new repository on GitHub?
Amaster
Btrunk
Cmain✓
Ddevelop
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
GitHub changed the default branch name from master to main in October 2020.
Question 2Understand Git and GitHub Basics
Which command shows the commit history of a repository?
Agit history
Bgit log✓
Cgit status
Dgit show
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
git log displays the commit history, showing commit hashes, authors, dates, and messages.
Question 3Work with GitHub Repositories
What is a GitHub repository README file primarily used for?
AStoring encrypted secrets
BDefining CI/CD pipelines
CDocumenting the project for visitors and contributors✓
DListing repository collaborators
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
README.md is the first thing visitors see. It typically contains description, setup instructions, and usage examples.
Question 4Work with GitHub Repositories
Which GitHub feature allows you to create a copy of someone else's repository under your own account?
AClone
BFork✓
CBranch
DMirror
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Forking creates a copy of a repository in your GitHub account, allowing you to make changes without affecting the original.
Question 5Work with GitHub Repositories
What is a GitHub repository template used for?
AAutomatically merging pull requests
BCreating new repositories with a predefined file structure and content✓
CBacking up repository data to cloud storage
DSetting branch protection rules across all repositories
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
A template repository can be used to generate new repositories with the same directory structure, branches, and files.
Question 6Collaborate Using GitHub
What is the primary purpose of a pull request on GitHub?
ATo push code directly to the main branch
BTo request that changes from one branch be merged into another✓
CTo clone a repository to a local machine
DTo create a new issue for code review
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
A pull request notifies collaborators about changes you have pushed, letting them review, discuss, and merge the code.
Question 7Privacy, Security, and Administration
What do branch protection rules on GitHub enforce?
AAutomatic deletion of merged branches
BRequired reviews and status checks before merging to protected branches✓
CEncryption of files committed to the branch
DAutomatic rebasing on every pull request
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Branch protection rules can require reviews, passing status checks, linear history, and restrict who can push.
Question 8Apply Modern Development Practices
What is GitHub Actions?
AA code editor integrated into GitHub
BA CI/CD platform that automates workflows in response to events✓
CA container registry for storing Docker images
DA code scanning tool for finding vulnerabilities
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
GitHub Actions is a CI/CD and automation platform that runs workflows triggered by repository events like pushes and pull requests.
Question 9Apply Modern Development Practices
What is GitHub Codespaces?
AA service that archives repositories to the cloud
BA cloud-based development environment accessible from a browser✓
CA tool for scanning code for security vulnerabilities
DA feature for managing GitHub App permissions
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Codespaces provides on-demand cloud-hosted development environments (VS Code in the browser), configurable with devcontainer.json.
Question 10Apply Modern Development Practices
What is GitHub Copilot?
AA bot that automatically merges pull requests
BAn AI pair programmer that suggests code completions in your editor✓
CA tool for managing project boards
DA service for hosting static websites
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
GitHub Copilot is an AI-powered code completion tool that suggests whole lines and functions inside your editor.
Question 11Apply Modern Development Practices
What is GitHub Pages used for?
AHosting containerized backend applications
BHosting static websites directly from a GitHub repository✓
CManaging database schemas with version control
DRunning scheduled batch jobs
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
GitHub Pages publishes static websites (HTML, CSS, JS) from a repository branch or /docs folder, for free.
Question 12Collaborate Using GitHub
In a GitHub pull request, what does 'Request changes' in a review mean?
AThe reviewer approves with minor suggestions
BThe reviewer blocks the merge until specific changes are addressed✓
CThe reviewer comments without blocking the merge
DThe reviewer automatically merges the pull request
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Request changes submits feedback that must be resolved before the PR can be merged, when branch protection requires reviews.
Question 13Privacy, Security, and Administration
What is the difference between a public and private GitHub repository?
APublic repos are free; private repos require a paid plan
BPublic repos are visible to everyone; private repos are only visible to invited collaborators✓
CPublic repos can use GitHub Actions; private repos cannot
DPublic repos cannot have branch protection; private repos can
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Public repositories are visible to anyone on the internet. Private repositories are only accessible to you and people you explicitly invite.
Question 14Privacy, Security, and Administration
Why is it important to include a license in an open-source GitHub repository?
AGitHub requires a license to enable Issues and Pull Requests
BWithout a license others have no legal right to use, copy, or distribute your code✓
CA license is required to enable GitHub Pages
DLicenses automatically grant collaborator access to the repository
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Without an explicit license, copyright law means others cannot legally use, modify, or distribute your code. Common licenses: MIT, Apache 2.0, GPL.
Question 15Privacy, Security, and Administration
What is the purpose of a CODEOWNERS file in a GitHub repository?
ALists all contributors and their commit counts
BDefines individuals or teams responsible for code in the repository, auto-added as PR reviewers✓
CConfigures GitHub Actions trigger conditions
DSets read/write permissions per directory
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
CODEOWNERS defines who owns paths in the repo. Those owners are automatically requested as reviewers when a PR touches their files.
Question 16Collaboration Features
What is a pull request (PR) in GitHub?
AA request to download code
BA proposal to merge changes from one branch into another, with code review and discussion✓
CA request to delete a branch
DA request to create a repository
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
A pull request proposes merging changes from one branch to another, providing a space for code review, discussion, CI checks, and approval before merging.
Question 17Working with GitHub Repositories
What does the 'Watch' button on a GitHub repository do?
ADownload the repository
BSubscribe to notifications for repository activity including issues, pull requests, and releases✓
CClone the repository
DStar the repository
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Watching a repository subscribes you to notifications for activity: new issues, PRs, releases, and discussions. You can customize notification levels (all, releases only, custom).
Question 18Collaboration Features
What is a GitHub template repository?
AA repository with templates for issues
BA repository that can be used as a starting point for new repositories, copying all files and directory structure✓
CA repository for project templates only
DA read-only repository
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Template repositories provide a 'Use this template' button that creates new repositories with the same file structure, directory layout, and content — without copying the commit history.
Question 19Working with GitHub Repositories
What are GitHub repository templates?
AForked repos
BSpecial repositories marked as templates that allow creating new repos with the same directory structure, files, and branches but no Git history✓
CArchived repos
DPrivate repos
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Template repos: Settings > check 'Template repository'. Others use 'Use this template' button. New repo gets: files, directory structure, branches, but fresh Git history. Use for: starter projects, boilerplates, organizational standards. No fork relationship created.
Question 20Working with GitHub Repositories
What is the GitHub repository Insights tab?
AA billing page
BA collection of analytics including contributor activity, traffic data (page views, clones), commit frequency, code frequency, and dependency graph✓
CA settings page
DA security page
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Insights: Pulse (recent activity summary), Contributors (commit activity per person), Community (standards compliance), Traffic (pageviews, unique visitors, referrers, popular content), Commits (frequency over time), Code frequency (additions/deletions), Dependency graph, Network (fork graph).
Question 21Working with GitHub Repositories
What are GitHub repository rules for visibility?
AOnly public and private
BPublic (anyone can see), Private (only collaborators), and Internal (organization members only, available in GitHub Enterprise)✓
COnly public
DOnly private
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Visibility: Public (open to all, free Actions for public repos), Private (explicit access required, paid Actions minutes), Internal (org members, GHEC/GHES only). Change visibility in Settings. Forking: public repos always forkable, private/internal configurable. Transfer: between users/orgs.
Question 22Working with GitHub Repositories
What are GitHub repository topics?
AIssue categories
BLabels added to repositories for categorization and discoverability, appearing as tags below the repo description and used for search filtering✓
CBranch names
DCommit messages
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Topics: clickable tags on repos. Add in Settings > Topics. Benefits: improve discoverability (github.com/topics/machine-learning), categorize projects (language, framework, purpose), and GitHub Explore recommendations. Best practices: use common topics, relevant technologies, and project type. Org-wide: standardize topics for internal discovery.
Question 23Working with GitHub Repositories
What is a fork in GitHub?
AA copy of a repository under your own account for independent development✓
BA branch within the same repository
CA deleted repository
DA merge conflict
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
Forking creates a personal copy of someone else's repository under your GitHub account, allowing you to make changes independently and submit pull requests back to the original.
Question 24Understand Git and GitHub Basics
What command initializes a new Git repository in the current directory?
Agit start
Bgit init✓
Cgit create
Dgit new
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
git init creates a new .git directory in the current folder, initializing an empty repository.
Question 25Understand Git and GitHub Basics
Which Git command stages all modified and new files for the next commit?
Agit push
Bgit commit
Cgit add .✓
Dgit stage --all
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
git add . stages all changes in the current directory and subdirectories.
Question 26Understand Git and GitHub Basics
Which command undoes the last commit but keeps the changes staged?
Agit reset --hard HEAD~1
Bgit revert HEAD
Cgit reset --soft HEAD~1✓
Dgit checkout HEAD~1
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
git reset --soft HEAD~1 moves HEAD back one commit but leaves the changes staged.
Question 27Understand Git and GitHub Basics
What does git clone do?
ACreates a new empty local repository
BCreates a local copy of a remote repository✓
CCopies a branch to a new branch
DArchives a repository as a ZIP
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
git clone copies a remote repository, including all commits, branches, and tags, to a new directory on your local machine.
Question 28Understand Git and GitHub Basics
What type of merge creates a single new merge commit to combine two branches?
AFast-forward merge
BSquash merge
CThree-way merge✓
DRebase merge
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
A three-way merge creates a new commit with two parents, preserving full branch history.
Question 29Understand Git and GitHub Basics
Which command fetches changes from a remote repository AND merges them into the current branch?
Agit fetch
Bgit clone
Cgit pull✓
Dgit sync
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
git pull is equivalent to git fetch followed by git merge. git fetch alone downloads changes but does not merge.
Question 30Work with GitHub Repositories
What is a GitHub Release?
AA type of branch used for production deployments
BA snapshot of a repository at a specific point in time, usually tied to a tag✓
CAn automated deployment pipeline
DA summary of all pull requests merged in a week
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
GitHub Releases package software along with release notes and binary files. They are based on Git tags.
Question 31Work with GitHub Repositories
What is the purpose of the GitHub Wiki feature?
ATo run automated tests on pull requests
BTo provide a space for long-form documentation for a repository✓
CTo track issues and bugs in a project
DTo enforce code style guidelines
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
GitHub Wikis provide a collaborative space to document a project with long-form content separate from the source code.
Question 32Collaborate Using GitHub
What are GitHub Issues primarily used for?
AManaging deployment environments
BTracking tasks, bugs, and feature requests for a project✓
CDefining automated workflows
DSetting permissions for collaborators
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Issues track bugs, features, and tasks with support for labels, assignees, milestones, and PR links.
Question 33Collaborate Using GitHub
What are GitHub Labels used for?
AAssigning cost centers to repository usage
BCategorizing and filtering issues and pull requests✓
CProtecting specific branches from direct pushes
DDefining required status checks for merging
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Labels are colored tags (e.g., bug, enhancement) applied to issues and PRs to categorize and filter them.
Question 34Collaborate Using GitHub
What do GitHub Milestones allow you to do?
ADeploy code to a specific environment
BGroup issues and pull requests to track progress toward a goal✓
CCreate tags for software releases
DArchive old repositories
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Milestones associate related issues and PRs with a shared goal or deadline, showing a completion percentage.
Question 35Collaborate Using GitHub
What is the GitHub Discussions feature designed for?
AReplacing pull requests for code merging
BCommunity conversations that do not fit into an issue or pull request✓
CAutomated code quality scanning
DManaging secrets for GitHub Actions
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
GitHub Discussions is a community forum for open-ended conversations, Q&A, announcements, and ideas separate from specific issues.
Question 36Privacy, Security, and Administration
What is GitHub Dependabot used for?
AManaging team permissions across repositories
BAutomatically creating pull requests to update vulnerable dependencies✓
CScanning code for secret credentials
DEnforcing code style across pull requests
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Dependabot monitors dependencies for known vulnerabilities and automatically opens PRs to update them to safe versions.
Question 37Privacy, Security, and Administration
What is GitHub Secret Scanning?
AScans repositories for hardcoded secrets like API keys and tokens✓
BEncrypts environment variables in GitHub Actions workflows
CScans pull requests for malicious contributors
DAudits organization-level access permissions
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
Secret Scanning detects tokens and credentials accidentally committed to a repository and can alert you or block a push.
Question 38Introduction to Git and GitHub
What is a Git repository?
AA cloud storage service
BA directory that tracks changes to files using version control✓
CA web server
DA database
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
A Git repository is a directory containing project files along with a hidden .git folder that tracks all changes, branches, and commit history for version control.
Question 39Introduction to Git and GitHub
What is the difference between Git and GitHub?
AThey are the same thing
BGit is the version control system; GitHub is a cloud platform that hosts Git repositories with collaboration features✓
CGitHub is a programming language; Git is an IDE
DGit is only for Linux; GitHub is for all platforms
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Git is the distributed version control system. GitHub is a cloud-hosted platform built on Git that adds collaboration features like pull requests, issues, Actions, and access management.
Question 40Introduction to Git and GitHub
What is a commit in Git?
AA request to merge code
BA snapshot of staged changes with a message describing what changed✓
CA branch deletion
DA remote server update
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
A commit captures a snapshot of all staged changes along with metadata (author, timestamp, message), creating a permanent record in the repository's history.
Question 41Working with GitHub Repositories
What are GitHub Issues used for?
AWriting code
BTracking bugs, feature requests, and tasks with discussion threads✓
CManaging billing
DConfiguring CI/CD
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
GitHub Issues provide a tracking system for bugs, feature requests, tasks, and discussions, supporting labels, milestones, assignees, and cross-referencing with pull requests.
Question 42Collaboration Features
What are GitHub Discussions used for?
ACode deployment
BCommunity conversations, Q&A, and announcements separate from Issues✓
CDatabase management
DLog monitoring
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
GitHub Discussions provides a forum-like space for community conversations, Q&A, announcements, and brainstorming that don't fit the issue-tracking format.
Question 43Collaboration Features
What does CODEOWNERS file do in GitHub?
ALists repository contributors
BAutomatically assigns reviewers to pull requests based on file paths they own✓
CManages repository ownership
DControls billing
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
CODEOWNERS maps file paths to GitHub users or teams who are automatically requested as reviewers when pull requests modify their owned files, ensuring relevant expertise reviews.
Question 44Modern Development
What is the purpose of GitHub Packages?
ASource code hosting
BHosting and managing software packages (npm, Docker, Maven, etc.) alongside source code✓
CIssue tracking
DBranch management
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
GitHub Packages provides package hosting for multiple ecosystems (npm, Docker, Maven, NuGet, RubyGems) integrated with GitHub repositories, Actions, and permissions.
Question 45Project Management
What is GitHub Projects (V2)?
AA code editor
BA flexible project management tool with table, board, and roadmap views for planning and tracking work✓
CA deployment pipeline
DA testing framework
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
GitHub Projects V2 provides customizable project boards with table, board, and roadmap views, custom fields, automated workflows, and integration with issues and pull requests.
Question 46Project Management
What are GitHub Milestones used for?
AVersion control
BGrouping issues and pull requests into trackable goals with due dates and progress tracking✓
CCode review
DDeployment management
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Milestones group related issues and PRs together with a title, description, and optional due date, showing completion progress toward a specific goal or release.
Question 47Introduction to Git and GitHub
What is a branch in Git?
AA backup copy
BA lightweight pointer to a specific commit, allowing parallel development without affecting the main codebase✓
CA separate repository
DA deployment environment
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Branches are pointers to commits, enabling parallel work on features, fixes, or experiments. They're cheap to create and merge, forming the basis of Git workflow strategies.
Question 48Working with GitHub Repositories
What is GitHub Stars used for?
ARating code quality
BBookmarking repositories you find interesting and showing community appreciation — starred repos are saved to your profile✓
CRating developers
DMeasuring code coverage
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Starring a repository bookmarks it for easy access later and shows appreciation. Star counts indicate community interest and popularity of a project.
Question 49Working with GitHub Repositories
What are GitHub Releases?
ABranch merges
BPackaged versions of software with release notes, binary attachments, and Git tags marking specific points in the project's history✓
CDatabase backups
DDeployment pipelines
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Releases create distributable software packages from Git tags, including release notes (changelog), binary assets (compiled downloads), and a link to the source code at that point.
Question 50Working with GitHub Repositories
What is a GitHub Gist?
AA large repository
BA simple way to share code snippets, notes, or files — each gist is a Git repository that can be forked and cloned✓
CA project board
DAn issue template
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Gists are lightweight repositories for sharing code snippets, configuration files, or notes. They support multiple files, versioning, comments, and can be secret (unlisted) or public.
Question 51Collaboration Features
What is the purpose of assignees on GitHub Issues and PRs?
AAssign code ownership
BIndicate who is responsible for working on or reviewing the issue or pull request✓
CAssign billing
DAssign repository access
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Assignees indicate who is responsible for an issue (working on it) or PR (reviewing it). Multiple assignees can be added, and they receive notifications about activity on the item.
Question 52Modern Development
What is GitHub Security?
AAn antivirus
BA set of features including Dependabot, code scanning (CodeQL), secret scanning, and security advisories for finding and fixing vulnerabilities✓
CA firewall
DA VPN
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
GitHub Security features automatically detect vulnerable dependencies (Dependabot), code vulnerabilities (CodeQL), exposed secrets, and provide a framework for security advisory disclosure.
Question 53Project Management
What views does GitHub Projects V2 support?
AOnly kanban board
BTable, Board, and Roadmap views with custom fields, filters, and grouping✓
COnly list view
DOnly calendar view
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
GitHub Projects V2 offers: Table (spreadsheet-like with custom columns), Board (kanban cards), and Roadmap (timeline/Gantt) views — all filterable and groupable by custom fields.
Question 54Project Management
How can GitHub Projects automate workflow?
AManual only
BBuilt-in automation rules that auto-set status when items are added, PRs are merged, or issues are closed, plus Actions integration✓
CExternal tools only
DCannot automate
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Projects V2 has built-in automations: auto-add items matching filters, set status on PR merge/issue close, and custom Actions workflows that update project fields programmatically.
Question 55Project Management
What is the relationship between GitHub Issues and GitHub Projects?
ANo relationship
BIssues can be added to Projects as items, tracked across views, and enriched with custom project fields while retaining issue properties✓
CThey are the same thing
DIssues replace Projects
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Issues are added to Projects as trackable items. Projects add custom fields (priority, sprint, size) on top of issue properties, providing multi-view project tracking while issues retain their discussion and metadata.
Question 56Working with GitHub Repositories
What is GitHub Pages?
AA wiki feature
BA free static site hosting service that publishes HTML/CSS/JS directly from a GitHub repository for project documentation or personal sites✓
CA CMS
DA database hosting service
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
GitHub Pages: free hosting from repository content (main branch or /docs folder or gh-pages branch). Supports custom domains, HTTPS, Jekyll for static site generation. Perfect for documentation, portfolios, and project websites.
Question 57Collaboration Features
What is a code review and how does it work on GitHub?
AAutomated testing
BA collaborative process where reviewers examine PR changes, leave comments on specific lines, request changes, or approve before merging✓
CManual code inspection only
DA security scan
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Code review on GitHub: reviewers assigned to PR, examine diff, leave inline comments on specific lines/files, submit review (Comment, Approve, Request Changes). Required reviews can be enforced via branch protection rules.
Question 58Collaboration Features
What is the difference between GitHub Issues and Discussions?
ASame feature
BIssues track actionable work items (bugs, features) with assignees and labels; Discussions provide open-ended community conversations (Q&A, ideas, announcements)✓
CIssues are for discussions
DDiscussions are for bugs
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Issues: structured task tracking — assignable, labellable, closable, linked to PRs/projects. Discussions: community conversations — categories (Q&A, Ideas, General), threaded, voteable, convertible to issues when actionable.
Question 59Modern Development
What is a GitHub Codespace?
AA repository
BA cloud-based development environment (VS Code in browser or desktop) provisioned from a repository with pre-configured tools and settings✓
CA CI/CD runner
DA project board
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Codespaces: full VS Code environment in the cloud. Configured via devcontainer.json (image, extensions, settings). Start coding immediately without local setup. Persists between sessions. Forwarded ports for preview.
Question 60Project Management
What is the purpose of Milestones on GitHub?
AVersion releases
BGrouping issues and PRs into time-based or feature-based goals to track progress toward a specific deliverable✓
CBranch management
DTeam management
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Milestones: group related issues/PRs with a title, description, and optional due date. Progress bar shows completion percentage. Useful for release planning (v1.0, Q3 Sprint), feature tracking, and deadline management.
Question 61Project Management
How do you use GitHub Projects for sprint planning?
ACannot use for sprints
BCreate iteration fields for sprints, add issues as items, assign sprint/priority/size custom fields, use board view for status tracking, and roadmap for timeline✓
CUse external tools only
DOnly use milestones
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Sprint planning: create iteration field (2-week sprints), custom fields (priority, story points, sprint). Add issues, assign to current sprint, use board view (To Do, In Progress, Done), track velocity and burndown.
Question 62Working with GitHub Repositories
What are GitHub Topics?
ADiscussion categories
BDescriptive labels added to repositories for categorization and discovery, helping others find projects by technology, framework, or domain✓
CIssue labels
DBranch names
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Topics: short descriptive labels on repositories (python, react, machine-learning). Improve discoverability in GitHub search and explore pages. Multiple topics per repo. GitHub auto-suggests related topics.
Question 63Collaboration Features
How does GitHub handle merge methods for PRs?
AOnly regular merge
BThree options: Merge commit (preserves all commits + merge commit), Squash merge (combines into single commit), Rebase merge (replays commits linearly)✓
COnly squash merge
DOnly rebase
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Merge commit: preserves full history with merge commit. Squash merge: all PR commits become one commit on base (clean history). Rebase merge: replays individual commits on base (linear, no merge commit). Choose based on team convention.
Question 64Modern Development
What are GitHub Packages?
ASource code packages
BA package hosting service for software packages (npm, Maven, NuGet, Docker, RubyGems) integrated with GitHub repositories and Actions✓
CFile attachments
DCode snippets
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
GitHub Packages: host packages alongside source code. Supports: npm, Maven, Gradle, NuGet, Docker (ghcr.io), RubyGems. Integrated with Actions for publish workflows and Repository/Organization permissions for access control.
Question 65Project Management
What are GitHub Insights?
APerformance metrics
BAnalytics features showing repository activity: contributors, commit frequency, code frequency, dependency graph, and community standards✓
CFinancial insights
DSecurity insights only
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Insights tab: Contributors (who, when, how much), Traffic (clones, visitors), Code frequency (additions/deletions over time), Dependency graph, Network (fork visualization), and Community standards (README, LICENSE, contributing guidelines).
Question 66Collaboration Features
What is GitHub's conflict editor?
AA merge tool
BA web-based editor that allows resolving simple merge conflicts directly in the GitHub UI without using the command line✓
CA code formatter
DA diff viewer only
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
GitHub's conflict editor: for simple conflicts, click 'Resolve conflicts' button on the PR page. Edit the conflicting sections in the browser, remove conflict markers, and mark as resolved — no local checkout needed for straightforward conflicts.
Question 67Modern Development
What is GitHub CLI (gh)?
AA web interface
BA command-line tool for interacting with GitHub: create/manage PRs, issues, repos, run Actions workflows, and manage Codespaces from the terminal✓
CA Git replacement
DAn API client only
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
gh CLI: 'gh pr create', 'gh issue list', 'gh repo clone', 'gh run view', 'gh codespace create'. Combines Git operations with GitHub features. Supports aliases, JSON output for scripting, and OAuth/PAT authentication.
Question 68Working with GitHub Repositories
What is a GitHub README.md?
AA license file
BA Markdown file displayed on the repository's main page that provides project description, installation instructions, usage examples, and contribution guidelines✓
CA configuration file
DA changelog
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
README.md: first thing visitors see. Best practices: project title, description, badges (CI status, license), installation steps, usage examples, screenshots, API docs, contributing guidelines, and license reference. Supports full GitHub Flavored Markdown.
Question 69Collaboration Features
What are saved replies in GitHub?
AAutomated responses
BReusable comment templates that team members can use for common responses in issues and PRs, saving time and ensuring consistent communication✓
CEmail templates
DWebhook responses
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Saved replies: personal templates for frequent comments. Create in Settings > Saved replies. Use via keyboard shortcut (Ctrl+.) in any comment box. Examples: 'Thanks for the PR! Please add tests.', 'Closing as duplicate of #123'. Markdown supported.
Question 70Modern Development
What are GitHub Codespaces prebuilds?
APre-installed extensions
BPreconfigured Codespace images built in advance so developers can start coding instantly without waiting for container setup, dependency installation, or builds✓
CCached commits
DPre-merged branches
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Prebuilds: GitHub Actions workflow builds devcontainer image periodically or on push. When developer creates Codespace: starts in seconds (not minutes). Configure in repo settings > Codespaces > prebuild configuration. Reduces cold-start time significantly.
Question 71Project Management
What are GitHub Projects (new)?
ALegacy project boards
BA flexible project management tool with table, board, and roadmap views, custom fields, automated workflows, and cross-repository issue tracking✓
CA simple kanban board
DA Gantt chart tool
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
GitHub Projects: table view (spreadsheet-like), board view (kanban), roadmap view (timeline). Custom fields: text, number, date, single select, iteration. Automation: auto-add items, set fields on status change. Cross-repo: track issues from multiple repositories in one project.
Question 72Project Management
What are GitHub Milestones?
ACalendar events
BTracking tools that group issues and PRs into named goals with optional due dates, showing progress percentage toward completion✓
CBranch markers
DRelease tags
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Milestones: group related issues/PRs under a goal (e.g., 'v2.0 Release'). Shows: open/closed count, completion percentage, optional due date. Filter issues by milestone. Use for: release planning, sprint tracking, and feature grouping across a repository.
Question 73Modern Development
What is GitHub Actions in the context of CI/CD?
AA bot framework
BA built-in CI/CD platform that automates build, test, and deployment workflows using YAML configuration files triggered by repository events✓
CA notification system
DA code review tool
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Actions: event-driven CI/CD. Trigger on: push, PR, schedule, webhook, manual. Workflow: YAML defining jobs with steps. Steps use: actions (reusable units) or shell commands. Matrix builds for multi-environment testing. Marketplace: 15000+ community actions.
Question 74Collaboration Features
What is GitHub Discussions?
AIssue tracker
BA forum-like feature for open-ended conversations, Q&A, announcements, and community engagement separate from issues and PRs✓
CA chat feature
DA wiki
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Discussions: categories (Announcements, General, Ideas, Q&A, Show & Tell). Q&A: mark answers as accepted. Features: threading, reactions, polls, labels, pinning, and converting discussions to issues. Use for: community questions, feature ideas, and general conversation.
Question 75Working with GitHub Repositories
What is a GitHub Wiki?
AA Wikipedia page
BA built-in documentation feature for repositories where anyone with access can create and edit pages using Markdown, backed by its own Git repository✓
CA README file
DAn issue tracker
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
GitHub Wiki: separate Git repo for documentation. Features: Markdown pages, sidebar navigation, custom footer, page history. Access: anyone with repo access (or public for public repos). Clone wiki: 'git clone repo.wiki.git'. Alternative: GitHub Pages or docs/ folder for versioned docs.
Question 76Modern Development
What are GitHub webhooks?
AIncoming messages
BHTTP POST callbacks sent to a URL when events occur in a repository (push, PR, issue, etc.), enabling real-time integration with external services✓
CAPI calls to GitHub
DEmail notifications
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Webhooks: Settings > Webhooks. Configure: payload URL, secret (HMAC verification), events (push, pull_request, issues, all). GitHub sends JSON POST with event data. Use for: CI/CD triggers, chat notifications, deployment automation, and custom integrations.
Question 77Modern Development
What are GitHub Environments?
AOperating systems
BDeployment targets configured in repository Settings with protection rules (required reviewers, wait timer, deployment branches) and environment-specific secrets✓
CVirtual machines
DDocker containers
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Environments: define in Settings > Environments. Protection rules: required reviewers (approve before deploy), wait timer (delay N minutes), branch restrictions (only main can deploy to production). Secrets: environment-scoped (override repo secrets). Used in workflows: 'environment: production'. Deployment history visible in repo sidebar.
Question 78Project Management
What is GitHub's saved replies feature?
AAuto-save for issues
BPre-written response templates accessible via keyboard shortcut in issues and PRs, reducing repetitive typing for common responses✓
CEmail templates
DBot responses
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Saved replies: Settings > Saved replies. Keyboard shortcut: Ctrl+. (period) to insert. Use for: common review feedback, triage responses, welcome messages, and closing templates. Personal to each user (not org-level). Supports Markdown. Tip: create replies for repeated code review patterns.
Question 79Working with GitHub Repositories
How do GitHub Pages work?
AA wiki system
BA static site hosting service built into GitHub that publishes content from a branch or /docs folder, supporting Jekyll for Markdown-to-HTML conversion and custom domains✓
CA CMS
DA blog platform
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
GitHub Pages: Settings > Pages. Sources: branch root, /docs folder, or GitHub Actions. Jekyll: default static site generator (Markdown → HTML), themes, and Liquid templates. Custom domain: CNAME file + DNS configuration. HTTPS: automatic via Let's Encrypt. Limits: 1 GB source, 100 GB bandwidth/month, 10 builds/hour. Types: user/org (username.github.io) and project (username.github.io/repo).
Question 80Collaboration Features
What is a GitHub code review?
AA document review
BA collaborative process within pull requests where reviewers examine proposed code changes, leave inline comments, suggest specific code changes, and approve or request changes before merging✓
CA security audit
DA performance test
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Code review: reviewers assigned (manually, CODEOWNERS, or auto-assign). Actions: Comment (general feedback), Approve (ready to merge), Request Changes (must be addressed). Features: inline comments on specific lines, suggested changes (click 'Commit suggestion' to apply), threaded discussions, and review summary. Best practices: small PRs, clear descriptions, timely reviews.
Question 81Modern Development
What are GitHub Apps vs OAuth Apps?
ASame type
BGitHub Apps: installed on repositories with granular permissions, act on their own behalf, and have higher rate limits. OAuth Apps: act on behalf of users, broader permissions, and lower rate limits.✓
CApps are deprecated
DOAuth Apps are better
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
GitHub Apps: granular permissions (per-resource), installed on repos/org, acts as itself or on behalf of user, webhook events, higher rate limits (5000/hr + per-installation), and private key authentication. OAuth Apps: user-level permissions (broad scopes), acts as user, lower rate limits. Prefer GitHub Apps for: integrations, bots, CI/CD. OAuth for: user authentication.
Question 82Project Management
What are GitHub Projects (new) and how do they differ from classic Projects?
ASame feature
BNew Projects: flexible tables and boards with custom fields, iteration tracking, charts, and workflow automation. Classic Projects: simple Kanban boards with cards and columns.✓
CClassic is newer
DNo difference
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
New Projects: table/board views, custom fields (text, number, date, single select, iteration), filters/sorts/groups, charts (bar, line), workflow automations (auto-set status, auto-add issues), draft issues, and cross-repo support. Classic: columns + cards, limited automation. Migration: convert classic to new. Projects V2 is the recommended approach for all project management.
Question 83Collaboration Features
What are GitHub's merge strategies?
AOnly one merge option
BThree strategies: Merge commit (preserves all commits + merge commit), Squash and merge (combines all PR commits into one), and Rebase and merge (applies commits linearly without merge commit)✓
COnly squash merge
DOnly rebase
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Merge commit: all PR commits + merge commit on target branch. History shows full PR context. Squash merge: all PR commits condensed into one commit. Clean history, loses individual commit detail. Rebase merge: each PR commit replayed on target (linear history, no merge commit). Configure: repo Settings > allow/restrict each strategy. Default: admins choose per-repo.
Question 84Project Management
What is GitHub's issue linking and cross-referencing?
ANo linking support
BIssues and PRs can reference each other using #number syntax, 'Closes #123' keywords in PR descriptions auto-close issues on merge, and cross-repo references use owner/repo#number✓
COnly manual linking
DOnly in same repo
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Cross-references: #123 (same repo), owner/repo#123 (cross-repo), SHA (commit reference). Auto-close keywords: Closes, Fixes, Resolves (in PR description/commit message). On merge: linked issues auto-close. Backlinks: referenced issues show the referencing PR/issue. Timeline: all references appear in issue timeline. Projects: link issues/PRs to project items for tracking.
Question 85Working with GitHub Repositories
What is a GitHub release?
AA deployment
BA packaged version of software associated with a Git tag, including release notes, binary assets (downloads), and changelog — creating a distributable snapshot of the project✓
CA branch
DA commit message
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Releases: repo > Releases > Draft new release. Components: tag (version), title, release notes (auto-generated from PRs or manual), and binary assets (attach compiled binaries, packages). Features: pre-release flag, auto-generate notes from merged PRs, discussion category. API: create releases programmatically. GitHub Actions: automate release creation on tag push. Download: source code archives (zip/tar.gz) auto-included.
Question 86Project Management
What are milestones in GitHub?
ACalendar dates
BGroupings of issues and PRs that track progress toward a goal (sprint, release, feature), showing completion percentage based on open/closed issues✓
CTeam names
DBranch names
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Milestones: create in Issues > Milestones. Properties: title, description, due date. Assign: add issues/PRs to milestones. Tracking: progress bar (% of issues closed), open/closed counts. Filter: view issues by milestone. Use for: release planning (v2.0 milestone), sprint tracking, feature grouping. Close: when all issues resolved. Sort: by due date, completeness.
Question 87Collaboration Features
What are GitHub notifications and how do you manage them?
AEmail only
BA multi-channel system (web inbox, email, mobile) for tracking activity on subscribed issues/PRs/repos, with filters, custom routing, and per-repo notification settings✓
CCannot customize
DOnly in-app
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Notifications: triggered by: @mentions, review requests, subscribed threads, watching repos, assigned issues. Channels: GitHub web inbox, email (configurable), mobile push. Management: Settings > Notifications (routing rules per org/repo), unsubscribe per thread, custom filters (reason, repo, type), and saved filters. Best practice: watch only important repos, use participating filter for direct mentions, email routing by org.
Question 88Introduction to Git and GitHub
What does 'git clone' do?
ACreates a new branch
BCreates a local copy of a remote repository✓
CDeletes a repository
DMerges two branches
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
'git clone' creates a complete local copy of a remote repository including all files, branches, and commit history, setting up the remote tracking automatically.
Question 89Working with GitHub Repositories
What is the difference between a fork and a clone?
ASame operation
BFork creates a server-side copy on GitHub under your account; clone creates a local copy on your machine. Forks maintain a link to the original for PRs.✓
CFork is local; clone is remote
DClone creates a fork
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Fork: server-side GitHub copy (your-account/repo). Used for contributing to others' repos — make changes in your fork, submit PR to original. Clone: download to local machine. Workflow: fork → clone → branch → commit → push → PR.

Key Git & GitHub Concepts for GH-FOUND

gitgithubrepositorycommitbranchcloneforkpull request

GH-FOUND Git & GitHub Exam Tips

Introduction to Git and GitHub questions in GH-FOUND are typically scenario-based. Focus on service-level decision making aligned to official exam objectives. Priority concepts: git, github, repository, commit, branch, clone.

What GH-FOUND Expects

Anchor your answer in select the most practical, secure, and scalable answer for the stated scenario.
Git & GitHub scenarios for GH-FOUND are frequently mapped to Domain 1 (22%), so read the objective carefully before picking controls or architecture.
Expect multi-service scenarios where Git & GitHub interacts with IAM, networking, storage, or observability patterns rather than appearing as an isolated service question.
When two options are both technically valid, prefer the choice that best aligns with the exam's operational scope (Foundational) and managed-service best practices.

High-Value Git & GitHub Concepts

Know the core Git & GitHub building blocks cold: git, github, repository, commit.
Review the edge-case features and limits for branch, clone; these details are commonly used to differentiate answer choices.
Practice service-integration reasoning: how Git & GitHub pairs with Collaboration, GitHub Products in real deployment patterns.
For GH-FOUND, explain why the chosen Git & GitHub design meets reliability, security, and cost expectations better than the alternatives.

Common GH-FOUND Traps

Watch for answers that partially solve the requirement but miss operational constraints.
Questions in Introduction to Git and GitHub often include distractors that look correct for Git & GitHub but violate least-privilege, durability, or availability requirements.
Avoid picking options purely by feature name; validate data path, failure handling, and governance impact before answering.
If the prompt hints at automation or repeatability, eliminate manual-only operational answers first.

Fast Review Checklist

Can you compare at least two Git & GitHub implementation paths and justify which one best fits the scenario?
Can you map the chosen answer back to Introduction to Git and GitHub (22%) outcomes for GH-FOUND?
Can you explain security and access boundaries for Git & GitHub without relying on default-open assumptions?
Can you describe how Git & GitHub integrates with Collaboration and GitHub Products during failure, scaling, and monitoring events?

Exam Domains Covering Git & GitHub

Domain 1Introduction to Git and GitHub22%

Related Resources

🎯 Free GH-FOUND Mock Exam 📝 Collaboration Questions 📝 GitHub Products Questions

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📦 Introduction to Git and GitHub - GH-FOUND Practice Questions